Scientific Calculator

A scientific calculator extends basic arithmetic with transcendental functions — trigonometry, logarithms, exponentials, roots, and factorials — that appear throughout physics, engineering, chemistry, and advanced mathematics. Each function button inserts a named operation into your expression; the calculator evaluates it using JavaScript's Math object, which implements IEEE floating-point arithmetic.

Trigonometric functions sin, cos, and tan accept an angle and return a ratio. Their inverse functions sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, and tan⁻¹ do the opposite. Because angles can be measured in degrees or radians, this calculator provides a DEG/RAD toggle. In degree mode, sin(30°) = 0.5 because 30 degrees equals π/6 radians. In radian mode, you would enter sin(π/6) directly. Always verify which mode is active before evaluating trig expressions.

Logarithms answer the question "to what power must the base be raised to obtain a given number?" The natural logarithm ln uses base e ≈ 2.71828, while log uses base 10. Powers include x², x³, xʸ, eˣ, and 10˸. Roots include square root √x, cube root ³√x, and the general y-th root ʸ√x. The factorial n! multiplies all positive integers from 1 to n; for example 10! = 3,628,800.

Constants π and e insert their full precision values. ANS recalls the result of the previous calculation, and RND generates a random number between 0 and 1. Absolute value |x| returns the non-negative magnitude. Expressions support parentheses for grouping and the same memory keys as the basic calculator.

Accuracy spot checks: cos(60°) = 0.5, tan(45°) = 1, ln(e) = 1, log(100) = 2, and 2^10 = 1024. Use DEG mode for degree-based problems and RAD mode for calculus-style radian inputs.